Calidad de vida en pacientes con diabetes mellitus: determinantes, desafíos e implicaciones para la atención centrada en el paciente
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https://doi.org/10.62452/b3tang61Palabras clave:
Diabetes mellitus, calidad de vida, control glucémico, atención centrada en el paciente, atención multidisciplinariaResumen
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease that significantly affects the physical, psychological, and social wellbeing of individuals, making quality of life an essential outcome in its management. This narrative review aimed to synthesize the available scientific evidence on the factors influencing the quality of life of patients with diabetes mellitus and to analyze their implications for patient centered care. The review included original research articles, review articles, systematic reviews, and international clinical recommendations related to quality of life, metabolic control, chronic complications, self-management, psychosocial determinants, nutritional interventions, and healthcare quality. The selected studies were critically analyzed and organized into thematic categories to identify common findings and emerging trends. The evidence indicates that quality of life is influenced by multiple interrelated factors rather than by metabolic control alone. Chronic complications, longer disease duration, obesity, advanced age, comorbidities, and poor glycemic control were consistently associated with lower quality of life. In contrast, effective self-management, structured diabetes education, nutritional counseling, psychological support, family involvement, and multidisciplinary interventions were associated with better physical, emotional, and social outcomes. The findings support the implementation of comprehensive patient centered care models that integrate clinical management with educational, behavioral, and psychosocial interventions.
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