Quality of life in patients with diabetes mellitus: determinants, challenges, and implications for patient centered care
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62452/b3tang61Keywords:
Diabetes mellitus, quality of life, glycemic control, patient centered care, multidisciplinary careAbstract
La diabetes mellitus es una enfermedad metabólica crónica que afecta significativamente el bienestar físico, psicológico y social de las personas, por lo que la calidad de vida constituye un resultado esencial en su manejo. La presente revisión narrativa tuvo como objetivo sintetizar la evidencia científica disponible sobre los factores que influyen en la calidad de vida de los pacientes con diabetes mellitus y analizar sus implicaciones para una atención centrada en el paciente. La revisión incluyó artículos originales, artículos de revisión, revisiones sistemáticas y recomendaciones clínicas internacionales relacionadas con la calidad de vida, el control metabólico, las complicaciones crónicas, el automanejo, los determinantes psicosociales, las intervenciones nutricionales y la calidad de la atención sanitaria. Los estudios seleccionados fueron analizados de manera crítica y organizados en categorías temáticas para identificar hallazgos comunes y tendencias emergentes. La evidencia indica que la calidad de vida está influenciada por múltiples factores interrelacionados y no únicamente por el control metabólico. Las complicaciones crónicas, la mayor duración de la enfermedad, la obesidad, la edad avanzada, las comorbilidades y el deficiente control glucémico se asociaron de forma consistente con una menor calidad de vida. En contraste, el automanejo efectivo, la educación estructurada en diabetes, el asesoramiento nutricional, el apoyo psicológico, la participación familiar y las intervenciones multidisciplinarias favorecieron mejores resultados físicos, emocionales y sociales. Los hallazgos respaldan la implementación de modelos integrales de atención centrados en el paciente que integren el manejo clínico con intervenciones educativas, conductuales y psicosociales.
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