Etiological determinants of oral carcinoma: A systematic analysis of the scientific evidence
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62452/663tj941Keywords:
Oral carcinoma, etiological factors, tobacco, human papillomavirus, preventionAbstract
Oral carcinoma is one of the most prevalent neoplasms of the upper aerodigestive tract and poses a significant public health concern due to its high morbidity and mortality rates. This systematic review aimed to identify and analyze the main etiological factors associated with the development of oral cancer, based on scientific evidence retrieved from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The most relevant determinants include chronic tobacco and alcohol consumption, infections by oncogenic viruses such as HPV, prolonged sun exposure (particularly in lip carcinoma), and genetic and nutritional factors. The findings confirm that the interaction between environmental exposures and individual predispositions plays a crucial role in oral carcinogenesis. It is concluded that a comprehensive understanding of these factors is essential for designing effective prevention strategies, early diagnosis protocols, and risk reduction measures.
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