Review of the lack of protection of the rights of people with Down syndrome

Abstract

The objective of this research was to analyze the violation of the rights of people with Down syndrome in the Tulcán canton, identifying the barriers and challenges they face, and evaluating the effectiveness of existing public policies. A mixed approach was used, combining qualitative and quantitative methods. Interviews, focus groups, structured surveys, and document reviews were conducted, with a sample of people with Down syndrome, family members, health and education professionals, and public officials. The data obtained were analyzed through descriptive statistics and thematic content analysis. The results revealed that the most violated rights are equality of opportunities in education, employment, and health, showing structural discrimination that excludes people with Down syndrome. The research also highlighted the lack of effective implementation of public policies, despite a solid regulatory framework, due to a lack of resources and institutional coordination. The interviewed mothers pointed out the lack of institutional support and the essential role of the family in defending these rights. The main conclusions suggest that, to improve inclusion, concrete measures are needed, such as the effective implementation of public policies, social awareness, and strengthening support programs. It is recommended to increase resources allocated to inclusive education and access to adequate healthcare services to ensure the full exercise of the rights of people with Down syndrome.