P30 protein in forensic investigation of sexual offenses: a literature review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62452/d4qjsj50Keywords:
Prostate-specific antigen, P30, sexual offenses, forensic investigation, forensic expertiseAbstract
This research analyzes the use of prostate-specific antigen or P30 protein as a fundamental biomarker in the investigation of sexual crimes for the detection of semen in biological samples, given its relevance in forensic sciences. The study was conducted through a descriptive bibliographic review, examining 25 sources published in Spanish, English, and Portuguese over the last 20 years, with the aim of describing the methods, protocols, and advances related to its application. The results show that the P30 protein is part of standard procedures in the investigation of sexual assaults, mainly through immunochromatographic and immunoassay techniques, among which the ELISA method stands out for its high performance, as well as its progressive integration into more modern methodologies such as mass spectrometry. In addition, several commercial kits, including ABAcard-p30, Seratec-PSA, and RSID-Semen, were identified, showing slight differences in performance. It is concluded that the detection of the P30 protein is a highly useful tool in forensic practice; however, it is recommended that it be complemented with more specific confirmatory tests. Current research trends point toward its future integration into multi-omics approaches in order to strengthen the reliability of forensic analyses.
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