Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic crisis without ketosis: therapeutic advances and clinical evolution in long-term follow-up
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62452/8y95aw81Keywords:
Hyperosmolar crisis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, intensive treatment, prognosis, clinical follow-upAbstract
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic crisis without ketosis is a severe complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus, characterized by extreme hyperglycemia, profound dehydration, and altered mental status, without significant metabolic acidosis. In recent decades, new therapeutic approaches have been developed to improve both short- and long-term outcomes in affected patients. This review explores advances in clinical management, including optimized intravenous fluid therapy, intensive glycemic control, and the treatment of associated comorbidities. Additionally, it discusses post-recovery clinical progression, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive follow-up and patient education to prevent recurrence. Early identification and personalized interventions have been shown to significantly reduce morbidity and mortality. The study highlights the urgent need for updated and multidisciplinary protocols to ensure effective management of this critical condition.
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