Gender-based domestic violence

Abstract

Domestic violence from a gender perspective is a phenomenon present in Ecuador; it goes beyond the private sphere and affects people’s autonomy, integrity, and dignity, particularly that of women. The objective of this study is to analyze this issue, its manifestations, and the effectiveness of the legal and institutional response. To this end, its definition, dimensions, unequal power relations, the cycle of violence, its legal regulation, and the actions of state institutions in this regard are examined. The methodology applied in this study follows a qualitative, descriptive approach and employs documentary-bibliographic research, together with analytical-synthetic, deductive, inductive, and exegetical-legal methods. Among the main findings are the high prevalence of violence against women, the predominance of psychological violence, acts of femicide, and a high volume of emergency reports, judicial proceedings, and protection measures. Although several regulations on the subject are currently in force in the country and are aligned with international standards, there has been a decrease in reports. However, this does not allow for the conclusion that there has been an actual reduction in violence, due to the fear expressed by individuals in relation to these acts, the difficulties involved in filing complaints, and the existence of underreported cases. It is concluded that the state response continues to be fragmented, unequal, and reactive; therefore, prevention, early detection, institutional coordination, effective protection, comprehensive reparation, and the transformation of sociocultural patterns that reproduce violence must be strengthened.