Genetic, biological, and sociodemographic determinants in Alzheimer's type dementia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62452/6gjvp831Keywords:
Dementia, neurodegeneration, APOE e4 allele, family history, population agingAbstract
Alzheimer's disease has emerged as one of the leading causes of dementia in the older adult population in Latin America. In fact, it is characterized by its neurodegenerative progression and complex multifactorial etiology, in which multiple factors interact, determining the vulnerability and clinical course of the disease. To analyze this pathology, this study reviewed the scientific literature on the prevalence, incidence, mortality, and progression of Alzheimer's disease. The results showed that the disease was significantly associated with the e4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene, as well as with a family history of dementia, low educational level, social isolation, and psychosocial factors. Incidence and prevalence increased with age, being higher in women over seventy-five years of age. Furthermore, protective factors were identified, such as cognitive and social activity, as well as healthy dietary habits. Consequently, it was concluded that Alzheimer's disease is a multifactorial pathology involving genetic, educational, and sociodemographic determinants. Therefore, efforts must be made to identify these factors early, along with the implementation of actions, seeking to influence the clinical progression of this disease and improve the quality of life of affected individuals in Latin America.
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