Impact of Coronavirus disease on cardiac dysfunction: a review of manifestations, treatments, and prognosis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62452/cf0x4056Keywords:
Myocardial dysfunction, systemic inflammation, prognosis, comorbidity, quadruple therapyAbstract
The research aimed to analyze the relationship between heart failure and COVID-19 infection, identifying its clinical, therapeutic, and prognostic implications. A systematic review was carried out using the PRISMA methodology, compiling studies in English and Spanish from the Scopus, PubMed, Scielo, and Cochrane Library databases, published in the last five years. Relevant documents on epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment were selected. The results showed that patients with heart failure presented a high prevalence of complications and mortality associated with COVID-19, with cardiac decompensation and multiorgan dysfunction being the most common events. Systemic inflammation, hypoxia, and direct myocardial damage were identified as the main pathophysiological mechanisms involved. Antiviral and anti-inflammatory treatments used during the pandemic affected cardiovascular and renal function, worsening the prognosis in patients with comorbidities. The effectiveness of quadruple therapy with SGLT2 inhibitors, beta-blockers, Sacubitril/Valsartan, and aldosterone antagonists, as recommended by international guidelines, was highlighted for its impact on reducing mortality and hospitalization. It was concluded that drugs with a better cost-benefit ratio, such as dexamethasone and enalapril, should be prioritized in resource-limited settings. This study provided an updated perspective on the interaction between both conditions and the need for safe and cost-effective therapeutic strategies.
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