Developing Speaking Skills in EFL Young Learners through Visual and Audiovisual Materials

María José Salamea-Avila, Tammy Fajardo-Dack

Resumen


The acquisition of speaking skills in a foreign language is considered a challenge, especially for young learners. Research suggests that Affective Factors (AF), such as anxiety and motivation, may contribute to the blockade of the learning process and can hinder the participation, attention, and interest of students in class. Therefore, search for better teaching materials, tools, and methodologies that enhance students’ motivation to learn is constant. As much of this line of research is developed outside of Latin America and focuses on teenagers or older, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of audio-visual materials on students’, ages 8-9, speaking skills and their engagement with the lessons in an Ecuadorian primary public school. To do so, this study used a mixed method approach to collect qualitative and quantitative data. Quantitative data was collected through a pre-test and pos-test and a motivational test questionnaire, and qualitative data was collected through the student’s feedback on the use of the proposed material via a focus group. The results show that audio-visual materials have a greater influence on grammar and vocabulary. In addition, evidenced low levels of anxiety and high intrinsic motivation had a positive influence on the acquisition of speaking skills.

Keywords:

Young learners, English foreign learners, teaching methodologies, affective filters, speaking skills.

 

RESUMEN

La adquisición de habilidades para hablar en un idioma extranjero se considera un desafío, especialmente para los estudiantes jóvenes. Las investigaciones sugieren que los Factores Afectivos (FA), como la ansiedad y la motivación, pueden contribuir al bloqueo del proceso de aprendizaje y pueden dificultar la participación, atención e interés de los estudiantes en clase. Por lo tanto, la búsqueda de mejores materiales didácticos, herramientas y metodologías que potencien la motivación de los estudiantes por aprender es constante. Dado que gran parte de esta línea de investigación se desarrolla fuera de América Latina y se enfoca en adolescentes o mayores, este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los efectos de los materiales audiovisuales en las habilidades del habla de los estudiantes de 8 a 9 años de edad y su compromiso con las clases en una escuela pública primaria ecuatoriana. Para hacerlo, este estudio utilizó un enfoque de método mixto para recopilar datos cualitativos y cuantitativos. Los datos cuantitativos se recopilaron a través de un prueba previa y posterior, además de un cuestionario de prueba motivacional, y los datos cualitativos se recopilaron a través de la retroalimentación de los estudiantes sobre el uso del material propuesto a través de un grupo focal. Los resultados muestran que los materiales audiovisuales tienen una mayor influencia en la gramática y el vocabulario. Además, los bajos niveles de ansiedad evidenciados y la alta motivación intrínseca influyeron positivamente en la adquisición de la habilidad del habla.

Palabras clave:

Jóvenes estudiantes, estudiantes extranjeros de inglés, metodologías de enseñanza, filtros afectivos, habilidades para hablar.


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ISSN on line: 2631-2662

ISSN impreso: 2661-6521