Consideraciones radiográficas para la colocación de mini-implantes
Resumen
El anclaje esquelético dentro del campo de la Ortodoncia se ha vuelto indispensable en los últimos años, mismo que permite mayores oportunidades en la mecánica del tratamiento; sin embargo, son diversas las consideraciones radiográficas que se han publicado para el posicionamiento de minitornillos en los maxilares, esto se debería a diversos criterios y métodos que usan los investigadores, además, existen diversas tendencias radiográficas que permitirían establecer el punto de inserción ideal para la colocación de los miniimplantes. La literatura se seleccionó mediante una búsqueda en las bases de datos electrónicas: Pubmed, Google Academic, Springer, Taylor & Francis, Web of Science y Cochrane, ésta se restringió a artículos con inclusión de todos los idiomas y publicados sin límite de temporalidad. Se obtuvieron 286 artículos acerca del tema, posterioremente luego de aplicar los filtros de inclusión y exclusión se obtuvieron y revisaron 16 artículos para el desarrollo de la presente revisión. La literatura disponible reveló que las tomografías son el gold estándar en comparación con las radiografías periapicales, oclusales y panorámicas para la evaluación y diagnóstico de la colocación de los miniimplantes. Sin embargo, si no se cuenta con tomografía de dosis bajas, lo ideal entonces sería la colocación del minitornillo siguiendo la anatomía ósea/dentaria y posteriormente la toma de una única imagen radiográfica periapical o panorámica posterior a la colocación de un minitornillo, misma que permita observar posibles lesiones por la maniobra realizada.
Palabras clave:
Miniimplantes, tomografía, radiografía dental.
ABSTRACT
Skeletal anchorage within the field of orthodontics has become indispensable in recent years, as it allows greater opportunities in the mechanics of treatment; however, there are various radiographic considerations that have been published for the positioning of mini-screws in the maxillae, this is due to the different criteria and methods used by researchers, and there are also different radiographic trends that would allow the ideal insertion point for the placement of mini-implants to be established. The literature was selected through a search of the following electronic databases: Pubmed, Google Academic, Springer, Taylor & Francis, Web of Science and Cochrane, restricted to articles including all languages and published with no time limit. A total of 286 articles on the topic were obtained, and after applying the inclusion and exclusion filters, 16 articles were obtained and reviewed for the development of the present review. The available literature revealed that CT scans are the gold standard compared to periapical, occlusal and panoramic radiographs for the evaluation and diagnosis of mini-implant placement. However, if low-dose CT scans are not available, then the ideal would be to place the mini-screw following the bone/dental anatomy and then take a single periapical or panoramic radiographic image after mini-screw placement to observe possible lesions from the manoeuvre performed.
Keywords:
Miniscrew, scans, dental radiography.
Texto completo:
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